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  • CS2 Lewis Structure Molecular Geometry Polarity Hybridization

    CS2 Lewis Structure Molecular Geometry Polarity Hybridization

    CS2 Lewis Structure

    The interesting thing while studying inorganic compounds is that you need to study the raw materials involves in the formation of chemical compounds.CS2 is a very handy inorganic compound and chiefly it is used as a raw material in the preparation of carbon tetra chloride.  Carbon disulfide is a very dangerous compound when it comes to contact with human beings the real thing is it causes several diseases. In this topic, we are going to discuss the cs2 lewis structure in detail.

    Carbon Disulphide is a triatomic molecule and two sulphur and one carbon atom are present in it. The CS2 is a very volatile liquid and human contact can be a real danger as it causes several ailments in humans. If you are looking for cs2 lewis structure, molecular geometry, hybridization and polarity I am going to explain the step-by-step guide with an explanation. The non-polar nature of cs2 gives an easier hint of its solubility in non-polar solvents including benzene, ether etc. The usability of carbon disulfide ranges from soil disinfection and eradicating pests to increasing crop yields.

    cs2 lewis structure
    What is lewis structure?

     A lewis structure is an actual way how the shape of a molecule is explained with the help of valence electrons. Despite this fact, many students fail to understand the most important factor in chemical bonding which is how electrons in the last shell behave. So in general lewis structure is the 3D explanation of the shape of a molecule.

    A lewis dot structure is usually explained by the dots between the atoms. These dots are the electrons. The bonding electrons are shown as a single line and non-bonding electrons as dots. The octet rule principle is followed while writing the lewis structure of any element, molecule, ion or compound.

    You can check the CH2O Lewis Structure explained step by step. The method to calculate the valence electrons, molecular geometry, hybridization and polarity of CH2O is discussed in detail.

    Steps of Writing Lewis Structure of Carbon Di Sulfide

    The promising thing about cs2 is that it is a very common compound that shows a linear shape. The importance of knowing the lewis structure of cs2 can be known as in many exams students are asked to draw the lewis stricter of cs2.

    Step 1

    The first step where students make mistakes is to calculate the wrong valence electrons. The valance electrons of any particular compound can be calculated by the sum of valence electrons of the bonding atom, In the case of cs2 we have one carbon and two sulfur atoms and in carbon, there are four valence electrons and in the sulfur present the 6. Thus a total of sixteen valence electrons are present in the CS2 atom.

    2×6+1×4=12+4=16

    Step 2

    Now you have to choose the central atom and the atom with the least electronegative value comes in a central position. In Carbon disulfide carbon electronegativity is slightly less than sulfur thus carbon will be in the centre of the cs2 lewis structure with a sulfur atom on the side.

    Step 3

    Now the position of atoms is set based on their electronegative values then place the bonds between carbon and sulfur. Firstly fulfil the octet of the outer atoms. Then move towards the central atoms.  A single bond comprises two electrons thus two single covalent bonds between carbon and sulfur exist.  Of 16 valence electrons, only four involved in the formation of chemical bonds and 12 electrons valence electrons are still needed attention.

    Step 4

    12 valence electrons are required are still remaining for the carbon disulfide atom. Seeing the structure of the cs2 the 3 lone pairs of electrons are placed on the dots on the sulfur atoms. An atom follows octet rules only when each atom has 8 electrons in the valence electrons.

    In order to complete the octet of carbon, the electron pair from each sulfur is shared with the carbon resulting in a carbon-sulfur double bond.

    Step 5

    The final step is the calculation of the formal charge on the cs2. The net formal charge on any atom exists due to the difference in the dipole moment of both atoms. In CS2 the net charge is zero resulting in the stable form of carbon di sulfide.

    Hybridization of CS2

    The concept of hybridization has a direct correlation with the steric number.  If you want to know the hybridization of carbon disulfide, the steric number comes real handy. A steric number is based on the presence of lone pair on the central atom and the number of atoms that make the bond with it. In carbon disulfide, there is no lone pair on the carbon atom and it makes two bonds with both sulfur atoms. Thus the -carbon disulfide has steric number=0+2=2.

    Thus CS2 shows sp hybridization. The one s orbital and one p orbital mix gives rise to the sp hybridization. The hybridization of cs2 is explained by VSEPR theory.

    cs2 hybridization

    Polarity of CS2

    A dipole moment on any particular atom redefines its polar nature. If the net dipole moment on any atom is not equal to zero, it shows the existence of polarity on it. Thus a molecule with a net dipole moment equal to zero shows non-polar behaviour.

    Is CS2 Polar or Non-Polar? Carbon disulfide is a non-polar molecule due to its linear shape. The electronic charge on both sulfur atoms cancels each other resulting in net dipole moment zero making cs2 a non-polar molecule.

    Molecular Geometry of CS2

    The sp hybridization in the CS2 molecules clearly shows the linear geometry. The linear geometry or shape predicts the bond angle of the bonding atoms which is 180. So the shape of CS2 is linear with a C-S bond angle of 180.

    cs2 molecular geometry

    Summary

    Carbon disulfide is a highly volatile and toxic liquid and is utilized in some industrial processes. The nature of cs2 is non-polar due to the symmetric behaviour shown by both sulfur atoms. The molecular geometry of cs2 is linear with a bond angle of 180. The carbon-sulfur double bond helps in fulfilling the octet of the central atom, The CS2 Lewis structure requires a series of steps including calculating the valence electrons and determining the central atom and distribution of net charge on it.

  • CH2O Lewis Structure Hybridization Molecular Geometry Polarity

    CH2O Lewis Structure Hybridization Molecular Geometry Polarity

    The chemical formula of one of the important organic compounds formaldehyde is ch20 and belongs to the family of organic compounds called the aldehyde. In the laboratory when we remove simple hydrogen from the alcohols aldehyde and ketones are formed. Ch20 has a characteristic pungent smell and has been widely used to preserve food for a longer duration due to its ability to stop the growth of bacteria thus making food eatable for a longer duration.

    Formaldehyde is the first member of the aldehyde group and in appearance, it is a colourless gas. Formaldehyde has been used as a treatment against various bacterial outbreaks due to its properties like curing cells and tissues. I am going to discuss in detail the lewis structure, molecular geometry, shape of molecule and polarity of ch2o in detail with step-by-step guidance.

    The lewis structure of ch2o not only helps reshape the overall molecular structure but also helps to understand the chemical bonding of the compound. If you are learning to draw the correct lewis structure of any molecule just like ammonia, oxygen or other sulfur oxides, you must know more precisely about the valence electrons.

    ch20 lewis structure

    What is Lewis Structure?

    Lewis Structure is the diagrammatic representation of molecular shape and how the valence electrons of all the atoms in a molecule are distributed. Not all atoms behave similarly so you have to be extra cautious to determine the electron geometry, molecular shape, polarity of molecule and chemical properties with the help of lewis structure.

    How do atoms make chemical bonds?

    Chemical bonds are formed when two atoms have tendencies to share their valence electrons to form a stable molecule. In general, bonding is formed when two atoms share, lose or gain electrons to form a stable ion and satisfy their octet.

    What are the valence electrons?

    Valence Electrons are the electrons present in the last shell of an atom and these are the electrons that actually help their respective atoms to form a chemical bond and thus move towards stability.

    What is the octet rule?

    The octet rule is the completion of the outermost shell with a total of eight electrons(exceptions are hydrogen and helium) of atoms or molecules so that they are chemically stable just like the noble gases.

    Steps Of Drawing CH2O Lewis Structure

    • Estimate the number of valence electrons of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon.
    • Locate the central atom for the correct structure of the molecule
    • Assign bond pair and lone pair of electrons
    • Now easily assign any charge on the atom for the correct lewis structure
    • Check for the stable version of the molecule.

    Let’s discuss in detail the lewis structure of CH2O

    Step 1

    When we draw the lewis structure of ch20 we have to find out the number of valence electrons in all the four bonding atoms. Hydrogen has 1 valence electron in each oxygen has 6 and carbon has four then total valence electrons in ch20 are 12 (2×1+4+6=12)

    The eight electrons are needed to meet the criteria of the octet rule and four electrons are surplus that does not take part in chemical bonding. It is worth mentioning that carbon and oxygen are bonded by a double bond

    Step 2

    The atom with the least electronegativity value comes in the centre and in the case of ch2o carbon has a minimum electronegative value and comes in the centre.

    Step 3

    Formaldehyde also called methanal composed of two hydrogens and one molecule of carbon and oxygen. Carbon needs 4 bonds to become a stable one thus the tetramolcule methanal has only three atoms. The carbon and oxygen form a double bond thus octet of both are satisfied. A single bond is present between carbon and two hydrogen atoms.

    Step4

    The formal charge calculation not only helps the molecule to calculate the net dipole moment but many physical and chemical properties of the atoms are

    Step 5

    The last step is to check for the most stable version of the methanal. The stable lewis structure for the formaldehyde molecule is one with

    methanal lewis structure

    Hybridization

    The hybridization can be calculated by simply counting the steric number. The steric number is the sthe um of sigma bond and lone pairs of electrons present on the central atom. Carbon has three sigma bond one with oxygen and two with both hydrogen atoms with no lone pair thhus the steric number is 3+0=3. The molecule of ch20 shows sp2 hybridization

    Geometry of Molecule

    The molecule of formaldehyde is one of the tetramolecule(4 atoms) and has two types of bonds H-C-H and H-C-O bond angles of bond H-C-O and H-C-C are 122 and 116 respectively. It is very simple to know such deviation of the bond angle and the reason is the lone pair of electrons on the oxygen molecule that make a huge shift in the change of molecular structure

    The major way of huge sift in 120 bond angle is the availability of lone pair of electrons on oxygen atom and repulsion causes the geometry to the bent structure.

    ch2o molecular geometry

    Polarity of Molecule

    CH2O is a polar compound and shows a dipole moment. Polarity is the existence of dipole moment on the bonding atoms and the major reason for this is the difference in electronegativity values in both atoms. The oxygen atom is more electronegative than both carbon and hydrogen and there are two dipoles present in the formaldehyde molecule. If you want to learn about the polar nature of hydrogen fluoride I have published a blog post. You can visit the page Is HF Polar or Non Polar for a detailed explanation.

  • Is HF Polar or Non Polar

    Is HF Polar or Non Polar

    Polarity of HF Molecule

    A lot of chemistry graduates ask while solving the lewis structure that Is HF Polar or Non Polar? Hydrogen fluoride is one of the weak acids and is a strongly polar molecule due to the large electronegativity difference between hydrogen and fluorine molecules. The fluorine with the highest electronegative value and hydrogen with a small atomic size being less electronegative element and due to which a large difference in electronegativity value occurs when both hydrogen and fluorine molecules bonded together to form H-F molecule.

    Most of the time it is pretty obvious when someone talks about the polarity of the H-F molecule as it is a strong dipole dipole interaction is present among H-F molecules turning it into a polar molecule. The reason behind the polarity is the difference in electronegativity. The same is the case of ammonia molecule as ammonia is a polar molecule due to the high electronegativity difference between hydrogen and nitrogen

    is hf polar or non polar

    Why is HF a polar compound?

    HF is a polar molecule because huge electronegativity differences between the hydrogen(2.2) and fluorine(4.0) molecules create two opposing dipoles in the H-F molecule. Fluorine being more electronegative tends to get a partial negative charge and subsequently, hydrogen attains partial positive charges making the entire molecule polar.

    What are polar molecules?

    The polar compounds are those with dipole-dipole interaction between the bonded atoms or having a polar covalent bond between the adjoining atoms. It is a big misunderstanding that all polar molecules possess the covalent bond because many of the ionic compounds (like sodium chloride/table salt) exhibit polarity among their molecules.

    Hydrofluoric acid is prepared when both hydrogen and fluorine molecules combine through a covalent linkage. Hydrogen with only one valence electron shares it with the seven valence electrons of fluorine molecules thus completing the octet and resulting in the formation of the H-F bond.

    How to determine a bond polarity in a molecule?

    The polarity in the molecule can be determined by the difference in the electronegativity of the bonded atoms. The general rule of the thumb is when the difference exceeds 1.7 the bond is termed as polar.

    Why is H-F a polar molecule?

    Polarity in a molecule is measured by the actual difference in the electronegativity value of the atoms and in the case of HF the difference is more than 1.7 making it a polar molecule. The logic behind the electronegativity value is that fluorine has 7 electrons in its outermost shell whereas hydrogen has only one electron in the valence shell. The more electronic cloud makes fluorine a partial negative charge when it bonded with the hydrogen and consequently, hydrogen attains partial positive charge making the whole HF molecule into a polar one.

    The shape of the H-F molecule

    A total of two atoms are involved in the formation of H-F molecules, thus hydrogen fluoride exhibits a linear shape with a bond angle of 180 degrees. The VSEPR theory also suggests the linear conformation or a symmetric geometry in the hydrogen fluoride molecule with tetrahedral shape.

    Bond Angle of H-F molecule

    The bond angle of hydrofluoric acid 115 and shape is orthorhombic

    Is H-F a symmetrical or nonsymmetrical molecule?

    The literature and various bond theories like vesper suggest that the H-F molecule is symmetrical in nature and the bond angle is 180 degrees.

    What is the difference between hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen fluoride?

    Chemically speaking they both are the same and represented by a similar formula but the physical properties differ a lot. Hydrogen fluoride is present in two physical states gas and liquid and when it is mixed in water hydrofluoric acid is formed and is a weak acid.

    Summary

    HF is a polar molecule and the reason for the dipole-dipole interaction existence is due to the electronegativity difference between fluorine and hydrogen atoms.